45 Types of Basil to Grow in Your Herb Garden, Part 2

Botanical name:

Ocimum gratissimum

Origin

Ghana

Description

• Similar to East Indian tree, scent leaf, tulsi vana basil, viride, and West African basils. Shrubby, woody form. Plant is delicate and graceful. Really an adorable plant.
• Medium lime green to dark yellow opposite leaves; elliptical to ovate, coarse, cupped inward along the midrib, but also pointing downward. Strongly serrated. Veining on the leaves is somewhat purple on the midrib and more white on the rest of the leaf veins. Surface finish matte/satin; iridescent. Small downy hairs on the leaves.
• Inflorescences are white to pale purple spikes.
• Stems are light purple and hairy.

Uses

Used in both traditional medicine and in foods like soups, stews, pasta, and vinegar. Medicinal uses include antiseptic and pain relief.

Height

General height range

In favorable tropical climates, can reach 3-6 ft (0.9-1.8 m) or more.

Maximum height in my garden

22 in (56 cm)

General scent/flavor

Very pungent, often with clove (eugenol) undertones, as well as camphor/menthol undertones and sometimes thymol (thyme-like).

My scent notes

Smoky, deep, earthy, lemony, petrichor, damp grass, deeply verdant.

My flavor notes

Medicinal, pine needles, bitter, hospital corridor, black tea, newspaper ink, old vellum.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Etsy Shop: Tattoo Gardener

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Amethyst Improved'

Origin

Bred as an improved and purple Genovese type.

Description

• A lot of variation in the height of each stem from medium to a taller height.
• Purple to dark-purple leaves , broad and slightly cupped, with upright compact habit. Flowers are are a beautiful deep fuchsia. Upper leaves are a deep dark, glossy, iridescent purple. Lower leaves are a greenish-yellowish-bronze with purple veining. There's a gorgeous greenish margin around the edge of each slightly-crenulated (serrated) leaf.
• The stems are strong. Some are a mottled greenish dark purple, which is absolutely gorgeous. I love encountering this color variegation.

Uses

Same culinary applications as sweet genovese basil. Beautiful color when adding to dishes.

Height

General height range

16-20 in (40-50 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

31 in (79 cm)

General scent/flavor

Purported to retain a "classic basil" flavor pungency; some sources mention a slight mint or clove undertone.

My scent notes

Sweet smoke, hot tin, salted candy, caraway, cumin, turmeric, blueberries, blackberries.

My flavor notes

Sharp tannins, but not bitter, clean metal, new office, bookstore, new paper, new carpet, acrylic yarn.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Johnny's Selected Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Ararat'

Origin

Heirloom from Israel, named after Mount Ararat.

Description

• A gorgeously stunning basil, variety Ararat basil is one of my taller varieties this year. And it sways gracefully in the wind.
• Variegated leaves of mottled purple and green. It's absolutely gorgeous. They are iridescent and satin-finished. They're cupped inward along the midrib. They're sharply crenulated with adorable purple margined points, and purple veining on the leaves.
• The abundant lavender-pink flowers have white hairs, and are on purple stalks.
• The stems are burgundy with white hairs. There are multiple variations of color on each stem, ranging from nearly solid green to a light mottling of purple to a nearly solid purple, and everything in between.

Uses

Traditionally used to make tea, season dishes, and also used medicinally for digestion and to alleviate stress.

Height

General height range

Around 18 in (~45 cm), bushy.

Maximum height in my garden

41 in (104 cm)

General scent/flavor

Has anise/licorice aroma, sweet and spicy flavor.

My scent notes

New steel, spring cleaning, ocean sand, toasted anise seeds, roasted grapes.

My flavor notes

Mildly sweet and fresh, tender spinach, light lemonade, spring greens, earthy, salads, cucumber, cloves.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

The Thyme Garden

Botanical name:

Ocimum kilimandscharicum (sometimes O. kilimandscharicum or O. × kilimandscharicum)

Origin

Native to East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania). The "kapoor tulsi" name connects to its camphoraceous scent (kapoor means camphor).

Description

• Smoother leaves, more robust, and with more deeply-colored flowers than the tulsi camphor kapoor I grew last year. Which is why sometimes varieties of the same names from different sources can be like different varieties. This version has a denser habit than typical sweet basils. Camphor kapoor basil, along with East Indian tree basil, is one of my tallest basil varieties this year. The plant seems delicate, and yet it's very tall and voluminous. It's a very stunning plant.
• Leaves are elongated, matte, slightly serrated, smooth, and pale green. It has beautiful matte leaves that are bent inward along the midrib. They have pronounced veining in relief; such that the leaves are ruffled based on the veining patterns.
• Flowers are white or pale. The inflorescences range from a light light purple at the base to a light yellow, and graceful arching at the tip.
• Stems have white hairs.

Uses

Camphor kapoor tulsi is considered sacred, and is used for ceremonial purposes. It's also commonly used for respiratory concerns such as colds and coughs, intestinal upsets, for digestive issues, and as an insect repellent. And it has culinary applications as well, in tea and desserts.

Height

General height range

In tropical climates, can reach 1-2 m; in temperate gardens often grown as annuals at a shorter height.

Maximum height in my garden

48 in (122 cm)

General scent/flavor

Contains camphor / eucalyptol / cineole type fragrance. Strongly medicinal and less sweet. Culinary use is limited due to its medicinal strength.

My scent notes

Salted lemons, camphor, pine needles, resin, rubber glue, aged salt, eucalyptus, singed metal.

My flavor notes

Bitter, rubbing alcohol, medicinal, old, filthy bike tires, bike chain grease, metal oil, burned window cleaner, acrid old circuit boards.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Charamel Chianti' (or 'Caramel Chianti')

Origin

Italian specialty variety; the "caramel" in its name suggests a sweet, warm fragrant note.

Description

• Caramel Chianti is a taller variety. Dense growth, strong branching.
• Dark purplish, almost black leaves, slightly ruffled edges, bending inward and upward. Reddish and dark purple near the growing tip. The lower leaves are a bronze color. They have a beautiful lime, electric lime, green, or yellow margin. And a very gentle scallop, with a wide base in each leaf that gracefully tapers to just a slight or sharper point. The finish on the leaves is iridescent and satin to glossy.
• Flower spikes are deep purple with adorable downy white hairs.
• The stems are a burgundy color.

Uses

Charamel chianti basil has a more intense flavor than green sweet basil. It can be used in the same culinary applications, as well as adding a beautiful color to vinegar or as a brilliantly-colored seasoning or garnish.

Height

General height range

Likely in the 12-18 in (30-45 cm) range (compact garden basil)

Maximum height in my garden

27 in (69 cm)

General scent/flavor

Described in seed catalogs as having a sweet caramel note along with the typical basil / clove / spice fragrance.

My scent notes

Classic basil, bright and fresh, herbaceous, parsley, hummus, roasted red peppers, red wine vinegar, caramelized roasted carrots, grilled eggplant.

My flavor notes

Bitter salad greens, decaying hay, depleted soils, electronics recycling, old string lights, tongue-skidding dryness, late fall musk, forest floor, old steel garden tools, unseasoned cast-iron pan, latex gloves on fire, diesel truck smoke, a paper cut filled with dirt, an old ashtray.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Etsy Store: Tattoo Gardener

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Crimson King'

Origin

Developed to improve vigor, uniformity, and performance of purple basils.

Description

• Well-branched, shrubby habit. Tall and sturdy; a beautiful plant.
• Deep purplish-red foliage, somewhat crinkled edges, with deep burgundy-centered leaves and lower and outer leaves a greenish bronze. All leaves are shiny with iridescence.
• Flowers are a deep burgundy like the leaves.

Uses

Used for cooking, flower arrangements, garnishes, and beverages.

Height

General height range

18-20 in (45-50 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

28 in (71 cm)

General scent/flavor

Flavor comparable to sweet basil. Sometimes described as a bit more intense and peppery, with clove undertones.

My scent notes

Gasoline, cardamom, fresh air, licorice, seawater, fresh laundry, twine, classic basil, antique linen closet, old cathedral, incense, deep purple grapes, rosemary, spiced tea, fennel, black pepper.

My flavor notes

Brisk, spicy, round, old taxi, used bookstore, storm ozone.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' (sometimes O. basilicum var. purpurascens)

Origin

Developed at University of Connecticut around 1950s by Scarchuk & Lent. Won All-America Selection in 1962.

Description

• Upright habit; a taller variety.
• Lustrous, smooth deep purple leaves, satin and iridescent, sometimes with occasional green variegation in new growth. There are deep dark purple central portions of the leaves near the growing tip, and bronzing at the outer edges. The veining on the leaves is the same beautiful purple as the growing tip.
• Flowers are the same dark purple color as the leaves.

Uses

Used to lend its flavor to dishes, make tea, address digestive issues, and add color and aroma to vinegar.

Height

General height range

18-24 in (45-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

32 in (81 cm)

General scent/flavor

Notes of clove (eugenol), with undertones of cinnamon, anise, and mint. The purple anthocyanins intensify its color.

My scent notes

Seaweed, damp moss, aged hay, fall morning, tidal pool, sweet spices, lemon pastries, brisk tea, masala chai, sweet jerk seasoning, Jimmy Nardello peppers, deep red apple, rich dates, tamarind.

My flavor notes

Bitter, dry tannins, paint thinner, turpentine, floor varnish, industrial cleaner, old cracked vinyl.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Urban Farmer Seeds

Botanical name:

Botanical name: Ocimum gratissimum

Origin

Native to tropical Africa and South Asia. Similar to African nunum, scent leaf, tulsi vana basil, viride, and West African basils. It's been so enlightening to learn about all of these basil similarities as I grow them!

Description

• Woody at the base, multiple stems, upright shrub-like habit. East Indian tree basil, along, with camphor kapoor basil, is one of my tallest varieties this year. it's a beautiful, stately plant with gracefully arching stems at the tips, and gorgeous soft downy fuzz, particularly on the newest leaves and on the stems.
• Leaves are ovate and somewhat thick, with crenulated (serrated) margins. They have a matte finish and white/light purple veining. They're beautifully soft and fuzzy. The leaves are somewhat cupped inward along the vertical axis, and most bend down and and away from the stem at the growing tip.
• The beautifully-arched flower inflorescences are very soft and spiky looking, with petals that are light purple at the base and pointed and light green at the tips.
• The stems are hairy and purple.

Uses

This basil is highly regarded in India for both medicinal and spiritual purposes. It's used for digestive, respiratory, and stress relief, ceremonial purposes, and to make an herbal tea.

Height

General height range

3-6 ft (0.9-1.8 m) or more in tropical settings; smaller in containers or cooler climates

Maximum height in my garden

49 in (124 cm)

General scent/flavor

The strong clove aroma (eugenol) is prominent; some strains have thymol content, contributing a thyme-like scent.

My scent notes

Scent: Fresh green tea, very mild, grassy, spice drawer, cardamom, amber, patchouli, light anise, licorice, gray skies, aged compost, toasted hazelnuts, fresh rain, clean stream, lemon, smoke, new tennis shoes, doctor's office, clean shampoo.

My flavor notes

Bitter, dark wood stain, mild sweetness, deep red wine, jet fuel, tongue-numbing, not too dry, antiseptic mouthwash, deeply charred wood.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

The Thyme Garden

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Everleaf Lemon'

Origin

Everleaf lemon basil was created in 2024 to promote flowering later than other lemon basil varieties and to allow a longer harvest season. It won the 2025 Professional's Choice Green Thumb Award in the Edibles category.

Description

• The plant is tall and graceful. Upright, dense, with many leaves. It's slow to bolt, prolonging the harvest season.
• Bright green, slightly-cupped leaves with a satin finish. The arrangement of the leaves is striking, with an opposite, orthogonal arrangement across each stem and sharp points revealing a beautiful geometric configuration.
• The flower bracts are a beautiful lilac color with white petals on the flowers.

Uses

Everleaf lemon basil can lend its delightful citrus aroma to an array dishes, as well as in potpourri, pest repellents, and to attract pollinators to the garden.

Height

General height range

20-24 in (50-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

33 in (84 cm)

General scent/flavor

Everleaf lemon basil has a lemon fragrance (high in citral), along with sweet basil notes. Described as bright lemon flavor with less harshness than many lemon basils.

My scent notes

Deep, sweet, lemon; fresh air, fresh linens, spring rain, fresh lake water, very sweet and lemony, breathtaking, freshly-mopped floors, lemon bars, lemongrass, lemon verbena.

My flavor notes

Sharp floor cleaner, sterilized doctor's office, biting, peppery.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Johnny's Selected Seeds

Botanical name:

probably Ocimum basilicum cultivar (not confirmed)

Origin

I ordered these seeds from an online vendor (listed below) who received them in a trade with a woman in Belgium. I haven't been able to find any more information about this basil so far. It's very distinctive and impressive, and if I learn more about it, I'll update this post!

Description

• Feleny basil has a medium height.
• The small, narrow leaves are wider at the base, generally tapering to a point. They point upward and curl in along the midrib. The color of the leaves is a lime green with a satin finish. The iridescent veining on the leaves is muted and white.
• The flower inflorescences are a yellowish-green and compact, and they bend slightly.
• The stems are light green and somewhat fuzzy and delicate.

Uses

Height

General height range

No information available.

Maximum height in my garden

24 in (61 cm)

General scent/flavor

No information available.

My scent notes

Aged rope, roasted peanuts, fresh meadows, fennel seeds, toasted, sesame, fresh cabbage, warm linens, cloudy skies, clean stream, cooked rice, new carrots, roasted beets, steamed edamame, black currant.

My flavor notes

Slightly sweet, mild spring greens, not bitter at all, warm, flavorful, galangal, lemongrass, lemony Thai soup with coconut, toasted seaweed, fresh spring asparagus, pea shoots.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Etsy Store: Tattoo Gardener

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Fino Verde' (synonym: O. basilicum var. minimum in some sources)

Origin

Long-known dwarf basil variety.

Description

• Fino verde is a tall but small-leaved variety. It's mounding (globe-shaped) and densely branched. The leaves are bright green with a smooth texture.
• It has narrow, satin, irridescent pointed leaves that are small and delicate.
• The flowers are a mostly yellow, slightly greenish color and spiky like the leaves.
• The tall stems sway gracefully in the wind.

Uses

Fino verde basil is used in a full range of culinary applications, as well as to stimulate the appetite, and address issues like digestion, anxiety, and stress.

Height

General height range

8 in (20 cm); width 8-12 in (20-30 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

24 in (61 cm)

General scent/flavor

Surprisingly full flavor for its size; with sweet, mild basil aroma, less intensely-flavored than large-leaf types.

My scent notes

Light smoke, old rubber, spiced apples, hot cider, cookie dough, fresh bread, hay ride, cinnamon.

My flavor notes

Sharp, bitter, spicy, unremarkable, gasoline, oil slick, really iodine, sterile gauze, old newspapers.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Floral Spires'

Origin

Developed for its Thai basil aroma and beautiful lavender flowers.

Description

• This is a very compact, dense shrub, with a uniform height among all of the growing stems. it's a really adorable plant.
• The leaves are small to medium, wider at the base and narrowing to a graceful point at the apex. They have a satin finish with no contrasting color in the veining.
• The flowering bracts are a deep lilac color. The upright flower spikes are held above the foliage with a "spires" effect. The photo above is in prime leaf-harvesting stage, before allowing the flowering bracts to fully develop.

Uses

Used in cooking for adding flavor, as well as historically in both cultural and medicinal practices.

Height

General height range

10 in (25 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

12 in (30 cm)

General scent/flavor

Floral spires basil has a sweet anise-clove scent, similar to Thai basil (from the compound estragole).

My scent notes

Fresh grass, cookie dough, fresh air, sweet iced tea, gingerbread, molasses, fresh shampoo, toasted coconut, brown sugar, fresh paint, old books, fresh laundry.

My flavor notes

Bitter, biting; old rags, expired cleansers, tire swing, paint thinner, rubbing alcohol.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum (Thai-type, from the "Golden Mountain" line)

Origin

The seeds originated from a packet from Thailand, and were selected and developed in California to create a balance in flavor and leaf size.

Description

• This variety has a typical Thai basil form: narrow, pointed leaves, purple stems and flower spikes, and a branching habit. It has a short to medium stature.
• The lower leaves are a yellowish lime green, but closer to the growing tip, they become dusted with a deep burgundy color.
• The flowering bract is also a beautiful burgundy color.
• The stems are burgundy as well.

Uses

Traditionally used Southeast Asian cooking, as well as raw in salads, as a garnish, in drinks, and in some traditional remedies.

Height

General height range

12-18 in (30-45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

22 in (56 cm)

General scent/flavor

Classic Thai basil aroma: licorice/anise (estragole), and clove (eugenol). Well-suited for Southeast Asian cooking: stir-fries, curries, pho, etc.

My scent notes

Licorice, old tin, cantaloupe, fennel, grapes, so sweet, fennel, cinnamon toast, spice market, toasted spices, sweet tea, raisins, mango.

My flavor notes

So sweet and delicious, toasted spices, sweet raisins, cinnamon toast, Middle Eastern pastries, cardamom, cloves, sweet black tea.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Adaptive Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum var. minimum (or Ocimum basilicum 'Green Globe')

Origin

Traditional European/Italian dwarf basil, often used as an edible border or pot plant

Description

• This is a very fine-textured, compact spherical mound (globe shape). It's so beautiful as a landscaping plant as well as an edible herb plant.
• Leaves are minute, smooth, and bright green. They're beautifully, very lightly scalloped, medium lime to yellowish color with a matte finish, and a slightly lighter shade in the veins. the leaves point upward, and are slightly cupped inward along the midrib.
• The flowering bracts at the end of nearly every growing tip are a beautiful yellowish light green color. These inflorescences are mostly very short, but they can grow longer with whitish flower petals emerging from them.
• The stems are at a uniform height that is very rounded, compact, and beautiful.

Uses

Green globe basil has culinary applications in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines, and to make tea. It can also be used to border a garden bed.

Height

General height range

8-12 in (20-30 cm); spread may reach 20-28 in (50-70 cm).

Maximum height in my garden

14 in (36 cm)

General scent/flavor

Spicy and strong for a small basil, sometimes surprisingly intense for its leaf size.

My scent notes

Lemony, grassy, lemon verbena, floor cleaner, clean water, fennel, fresh rain, new puddle, damp rocks, lime, cantaloupe.

My flavor notes

Lemonade, enjoyable, lemongrass, fresh, lemon zest, limoncello, but also green, grassy, and mild; not sweet, but rather more vegetal; mild and neutral, tannic finish that's not bitter or raw.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum selloi or Ocimum campechianum

Origin

Native to southern Mexico, Central/South America. Known in Spanish as "hoja de colico" (colic leaf) in Chiapas (for its medicinal use).

Description

• Green pepper basil is a distinctive looking variety. The color is such a beautiful, deep green with strong and yet short green stems; really a unique basil.
• The leaves are large, glossy, ovate, and thick. They're noticeably darker green than in most basils, with a more matte finish and white veining that's pronounced at the midrib of each leaf. The leaves are slightly cupped along the midrib, and they point upward.
• The flowers are in pinkish or reddish clusters.
• The stems are sharply-serrated, and taper from a wide base to a very narrow tip at the apex.

Uses

Used in Latin American cooking, and as an herbal medicine to treat digestion and inflammation. Useful in cooking with its unique, peppery flavor.

Height

General height range

2-3 ft (60-90 cm) or more in good conditions

Maximum height in my garden

20 in (51 cm)

General scent/flavor

Smells like green bell pepper with mild basil, mint, and spice notes. The green pepper note is striking and unique.

My scent notes

Actual green bell peppers, young, thin green beans, lettuce, kale, freshly-mowed grass, damp earth, tomato leaves, fresh salad greens, sautéed vegetables.

My flavor notes

Stir-fried bell peppers, crunchy escarole and kale; tough, stringy green beans, bitter, gritty and sandy texture; rubber mat, stewed hospital socks, used pool towels; numbing, bitter, tannic; singed electric blanket, old rubber hot water bottle.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Green Ruffles'

Origin

Developed in the late 20th century as an ornamental/leaf basil.

Description

• Green ruffles is a wrinkly, greenish-yellow, large lettuce leaf variety. The plant is sturdy and wide.
• The leaves are large, highly crinkled, puckered, and ruffled, with sharply serrated edges. The leaves point downward toward the tips. Along the sides, some of them bend somewhat outward, and others bend inward; They have a satin finish with a barely-there iridescence.
• They have tightly-nestled, light yellowish-green inflorescences with lavender-pink flowers.
• The slighty green stems are slightly hairy and fuzzy.

Uses

As with other sweet basil varieties, the mild flavor of green ruffles basil lends itself well to traditional culinary use .

Height

General height range

24 in (60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

25 in (64 cm)

General scent/flavor

Milder, sweeter than many basils; some describe subtle notes of cinnamon, citrus, and anise. Excellent for pasta, wraps, decorative garnishes, and salads. The large leaves make harvesting easy.

My scent notes

Fresh green fennel, dill, spearmint, singed hay, lush meadows, deeply aged salt, balsamic vinegar.

My flavor notes

Enjoyable and mildly sweet; not dry, not tannic, not bitter, not raw; golden hay in the sun, tranquil green woods, freshly-woven reed mat, numbing like a Szechuan peppercorn, soft upon further chewing, very slight bitter edge after more chewing, dry, menthol.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Urban Farmer Seeds

Botanical name:

Botanical name: Ocimum tenuiflorum

Origin

Thailand

Description

• This is one of my shorter to medium varieties; upright, branching.
• The leaves are serrated, matte, and somewhat hairy, with a beautifully bright yellowish lime green color. They have wavy scalloped edges with a gentle taper toward the tip.
• The flowers are a light yellowish green with a graceful arch
• The stems are a hairy green or lilac shade.

Uses

Thai holy basil is phenomenal in a wide array of dishes in Southeast Asian cooking.

Height

General height range

1-2 ft (30-60 cm) in cultivation outside tropics

Maximum height in my garden

21 in (53 cm)

General scent/flavor

Clove-like, spicy, peppery; menthol and fruity notes. Used in medicinal teas, Ayurvedic remedies, as a culinary herb in Thai cuisine.

My scent notes

Old wood stove, amchur powder, nigella seeds, pretzels, toffee, bonfire, dark, plum, aged linens, meadow grasses, spring breezes young cumin, fresh laundry, crisp, toasted, salty rice, sea air.

My flavor notes

Gasoline, old tires, pile of rags, motor oil, burned jute, brush fire.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Johnny's Selected Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Italian Mountain Sweet'

Origin

Likely from colder and mountainous regions of Italy, or a selected adaptation, or possibly a regional landrace (adaptive variety).

Description

• This is a classic-looking sweet basil variety. It has a robust, open branching habit. It's possibly more cold-tolerant and later flowering than lowland varieties.
• The medium green leaves are glossy and slightly wrinkled. The long sides fold inward.
• The flowering inflorescences are a very light green with white petals.

Uses

This variety is used for the full range of traditional culinary applications as well as for medicinal issues like digestion, stress, and colds.

Height

General height range

18-24 in (45-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

27 in (69 cm)

General scent/flavor

Sweet, rich basil flavor, mild minty bite. Smooth and aromatic.

My scent notes

Campfire, jute, dried herbs, coriander, seeds, black pepper, freshly-cut grass, pasta, cooking water, new potato skins, spring peas.

My flavor notes

Classic basil, young green grass, heirloom lettuce, escarole, kale, singed metal, petrichor, slightly sweet but biting edge, very vegetal.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Adaptive Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Keira'

Origin

Keira is the result of several generations of plant selection to improve yield, leaf glossiness, disease resistance, and cold tolerance.

Description

• Keira looks like a classic Italian variety. It's a vigorous, healthy-looking, medium to large leaf sweet basil.
• The bright lime green leaves are cupped along the sides, and some bend upward from the tip. They're glossy and iridescent.
• The flowers are a light yellowish-green.
• The stems are strong and tall.

Uses

As a sweet basil, Keira is well-suited to many culinary uses, as well as traditional medicinal basil applications.

Height

General height range

14-20 in (35-50 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

30 in (76 cm)

General scent/flavor

classic sweet basil (clove, sweet notes)

My scent notes

Sweet and grassy, light, mild and clean, very fresh, new soap, lily of the valley, fresh towels.

My flavor notes

Classic basil, fresh spring vegetables, peas, fennel bulb, jicama, raw, almost bitter edge, cloudy day, old thatched roof, vintage attic.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Possibly Ocimum canum

Origin

Likely from Malawi/ East Africa, selected for its camphorous medicinal traits.

Description

• This basil has a short to medium height in temperate climates and a shrubby habit.
• The elongated leaves are medium yellowish green with a matte finish.
• The inflorescences are a light green with white petals, arching and curving as they elongate.

Uses

Malawi camphor basil is more medicinal than culinary. In Malawi, it's used to address illnesses, such as colds, fevers, and both digestive and respiratory issues.

Height

General height range

Possibly up to 2 ft (0.75 m) in tropical settings.

Maximum height in my garden

20 in (51 cm)

General scent/flavor

Strong camphorous, medicinal scent. Less sweet, with hints of fruit, cinnamon, white flowers.

My scent notes

Resin, camphor, smoke, citrus, white wine, tomato stem, cough drops, eucalyptus, pine needles, campfire.

My flavor notes

Pine cleaner, urgent care clinic, new shoes, rubbing alcohol, cocktail bitters, black walnut.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Mammoth Sweet'

Origin

Traditional Italian heirloom variety, known for its huge leaves.

Description

• Mammoth sweet basil seems to be much hardier and resistant to cold than my other lettuce leaf varieties. It has a somewhat floppy habit. While on the short side for basils overall, it's taller than some of my other lettuce leaf varieties.
• The leaves are very large and wrinkled, some pointing outward and downward, some folding inward and upward, depending on how close they are to the growing tip. The leaves have a satin iridescent finish like the other lettuce leaf types, and a yellow cast, especially toward the center of the leaves. The large leaves make harvesting easy.
• The inflorescences are short, compact, and yellowish green. They're geometrically arranged in orthogonal directions. The flowers are white or light pink.
• The beautiful stems are strong and stocky.

Uses

This basil has a myriad of culinary uses, from wraps and sandwiches to pasta, pizza, and tomato-based dishes and more.

Height

General height range

18-24 in (45-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

24 in (61 cm)

General scent/flavor

Mildly sweet, less pungent than Genovese, smooth flavor.

My scent notes

Classic basil, light, fresh citrus, cloudy day, fresh soil, damp pavement, worn linens, vintage pantry, blonde wood, grass smoke, aged cigar, bourbon.

My flavor notes

Mild smoke, very dry, skidding tongue, astringent, eucalyptus, expired medicine, weathered parchment, mildewed canvas, bitter gas leak.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Garden Hoard

Botanical name:

Ocimum sp. (uncertain; likely O. gratissimum or O. micranthum type)

Origin

Caribbean / Guyana; folklore name suggests local culinary tradition.

Description

• The plant is graceful and delicate-looking.
• The eaves are a vibrant greenish-yellow and tapered toward the pointed tip. They also fold inward along the midrib. the finish on the leaves is satin and iridescent.
• The flowers are a light yellow color.

Uses

This basil is a key herb in Caribbean/Latin American cooking, and sometimes dried as spice.

Height

General height range

2-4 ft (0.6-1.2 m) in tropical climates

Maximum height in my garden

22 in (56 cm)

General scent/flavor

Very potent, spicy-savory, often described as a blend of basil, thyme, clove, and black pepper.

My scent notes

New car, fresh breezes, perfume, flowers, roses, fresh jam, cinnamon, ginger, plum, absolutely stunning, morning forest, pea shoots, fresh carrots.

My flavor notes

Fresh young greens, spring stems, dry, but not bitter, lightly toasted fennel, white cardamom, ajwain (carom) seeds.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano' (or Basilico Napoletano)

Origin

From Naples, a southern Italian tradition

Description

• Napoletano has a vigorous, bushy habit. Because the leaves are so large, they're easy to harvest. It looks like a cross between a lettuce leaf basil and a smooth-leaf Genovese-type of Italian sweet basil. It's a beautiful, medium-height plant.
• The leaves are medium to large and wrinkled, but less so than with many lettuce leaf varieties. They cup inward and point upward. They have a satin-iridescent finish.
• The inflorescences are arranged in orthogonal points. They're a yellowish green with beautiful white petals.
• The stems are a light green, strong, and taller than my lettuce leaf varieties but shorter than my sweet Genovese-type varieties.

Uses

Napoletano is well-suited for a wide variety of culinary uses, in the same way as any classic Italian basil.

Height

General height range

18 in (45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

27 in (69 cm)

General scent/flavor

Upscale sweet fragrance, low bitter and mint profiles. Smooth, classic basil flavor.

My scent notes

Deeply sweet and fresh, clean blue water, new car, clean kitchen, new wood, forest trail, pears, freshly cut grass, chlorinated pool, fresh air, clean laundry, fresh salad greens, fresh brine, clean steel.

My flavor notes

Fresh and pleasant, mild, not too dry, spring peas, celery, young green beans, green bell peppers, fresh spring salad, tannic but not bitter finish.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Could be a local adaptation or hybrid (possibly O. gratissimum or O. tenuiflorum lineage); Ocimum sp. (variant of New Guinea basil)

Origin

Papua New Guinea / Pacific region

Description

• My new Guinea basils from 2 different vendors are growing next to one another. (See the seed source listed for each.) It's important to understand that variation, even among identically-named varieties, should be expected, and even considered exciting! Just think of the infinite possibilities that mutation and adaptation can bring. This version 1 is slightly taller than version 2.
• The matte-finished leaves are medium-sized, gorgeously-variegated, and have a fairly even range of gradually-mottled green and purple. The leaves are pointing up as well as slightly folded in along the midrib. They're very narrow and sharply pointed at the apex. The veins and ribs on the leaves are purple.
• The inflorescences are a muted fuchsia to dark purple color, corresponding to the leaf color variegation. They're covered in downy white hair, so they look slightly fuzzy.
• The stems are branching and both green and purple.

Uses

Used as both a culinary and medicinal plant.

Height

General height range

16-24 in (41-61 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

22 in (56 cm)

General scent/flavor

Aromatic, spicy and clove-like.

My scent notes

Bright fennel, nutmeg, clove, peppermint, hot chocolate, spearmint gum, wintergreen, laundry detergent, osmanthus, jasmine.

My flavor notes

Sweet and mild, pleasant, maple syrup, fresh salads, oat milk, mild vanilla, slightly sweet, anise, lush meadows, wildflowers, jicama, chalk, gritty texture, deodorant, air freshener, freshly-cleaned glass.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

The Thyme Garden

Botanical name:

Could be a local adaptation or hybrid (possibly O. gratissimum or O. tenuiflorum lineage); Ocimum sp. (variant of New Guinea basil)

Origin

Papua New Guinea / Pacific region

Description

• This version 2 of New Guinea basil is slightly shorter than version 1 above. (See the seed source listed for each.) It's an adorable little plant with a medium height and, like version 1, branching habit.
• The leaves on version 2 have a greater purple concentration than those of version 1. This one also has purple veining. the leaves on this one also point both inward and upward.
• Version 2 has larger inflorescences than version 1 in some cases, while others are more similar in size.
• Version 2 has dark fuchsia stems that branch somewhat laterally rather than completely vertically in most cases.

Uses

Used as both a culinary and medicinal plant.

Height

General height range

16-24 in (41-61 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

20 in (51 cm)

General scent/flavor

Aromatic, spicy and clove-like.

My scent notes

Damp hay, fresh soil, new cardboard, vintage silver, oolong tea, bright sunny skies, hot rocks, fresh sand, new office, fresh vegetables.

My flavor notes

Lovely, sweet and surprisingly pleasant, sweet fennel, very mild, spice drawer dry, rubber eraser, acrylic paint, plastic toys, gritty texture, hairspray, chalk.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Opalescent' (a bi-colored hybrid); Hybrid cultivar of O. basilicum (cross of green + purple varieties)

Origin

A newer introduction (2021), selected for stable variegation of green & purple marbling. A cross between mrihani and dark opal (#9 above) basils.

Description

• Opalescent basil is an absolutely gorgeous dark deep purple variety. Its growth habit is similar to that of sweet basil. It's a very beautiful plant of medium height.
• The leaves are variegated green and purple with scalloped edges. They point upward and fold inward along the midrib. There is a bright lime green margin, and the lower leaves are a yellowish greenish bronze. There seems to be a wide variation in the leaf shape, varying between scalloped and ruffled. They're iridescent, satiny, soft and downy. Just stunning. The wrinkles are somewhat pronounced along the veining.
• The flowers are pinkish purple.

Uses

Opalescent is considered both ornamental and useful in a wide variety of culinary applications.

Height

General height range

18 in (45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

27 in (69 cm)

General scent/flavor

Seed catalogs indicate excellent sweet basil flavor, maintaining flavor even while adding ornamental value.

My scent notes

Deep anise, salted licorice, new fabrics, young forest, green twig, fresh smoke, summer morning, nutmeg, clove, ginger, salted caramel, cardamom.

My flavor notes

Mild lemon, pine cleaner, weak expired cleaners, soft leaf texture, and yet slightly crunchy; latex bandage, first aid spray, sterilized surgical instruments, cold steel, burnt drywall, rusty pitchfork, withered brussels sprouts.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Adaptive Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Ouzo'

Origin

Greece, named for the anise-flavored spirit ouzo because of its licorice scent.

Description

• Ouzo has a medium-size and compact habit.
• The leaves are bright medium green, and are narrow, pointed upward and cupped inward along the midrib. The finish is between matte and satin.
• The inflorescences are deep fuchsia to violet.
• The stems are a beautiful dark purple.

Uses

Ouzo basil is excellent in salads, vinegar, syrups, cocktails, and more. Because of its strong fragrant twist, it excels when you want basil with a dash of licorice flavor.

Height

General height range

12-18 in (30-45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

24 in (61 cm)

General scent/flavor

Strong licorice / anise (estragole) aroma, with basil and clove undertones.

My scent notes

Fresh rain, snickerdoodle, clothes, cardamom, cinnamon, fennel, roasted grapes, licorice, sweet, salted melon, dry dessert wine, toasted cumin, coriander seed, turmeric, ginger.

My flavor notes

Light, clean anise, fresh fennel bulb, dry, not bitter, green and fresh, enjoyable, mild lettuce, young kale, celery.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum micranthum

Origin

Native to Peru / Amazon / Central & South America

Description

• Semi-woody (in tropical climates), Peruvian basil is delicate and short in stature. it's a beautiful variety.
• The ovate leaves have a delicate matte finish and are fairly flat. The veins are white with a prominent midrib.
• The flowers are stunning with a mostly light green color with some dappling of a light purple. The petals are oval shaped and more individual and pronounced than on the other varieties.
• The stems are strong and yet delicate, and a light green color.

Uses

Peruvian basil is both a culinary and medicinal herb. In traditional Amazonian use, It's been used in teas, stews, folk remedies.

Height

General height range

In tropical zones, 3-5 ft (0.9-1.5 m); less tall in temperate zones.

Maximum height in my garden

18 in (46 cm)

General scent/flavor

Strong, spicy, woody aroma with camphor, allspice, clove undertones. Some bitterness if eaten raw but this mellows with cooking.

My scent notes

Very mild scent, perfumed, spring greens, wildflowers, lemongrass, lime, ginger, galangal, toasted bread, tangerines, aluminum foil.

My flavor notes

Mild smoke, dirty clothes pile, old library, vintage wicker chair, old paint, aged grass, new cigar, lemongrass, hot rocks, turpentine.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Punsch'

Origin

European (Germany / Austria / Central Europe); the word "punsch," meaning punch suggests an aromatic quality.

Description

• Punsch is an adorable variety that looks like a Thai Basil. It has a medium height, good branching, and while it's a short-statured plant, it's also robust-looking. A beautiful plant.
• The leaves are electric lime green, and folded inward cupped along the sides and pointed at the apex. The finish on the leaves is satin and iridescent.
• The flowers are gorgeous, ranging from a dark lilac at the base to a darker deep fuchsia at the tip.
• The stems are strong and deep fuchsia.

Uses

Punsch basil works well for herbal teas, aromatic infusions, and as a garnish, among many culinary possibilities.

Height

General height range

16 in (40 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

19 in (48 cm)

General scent/flavor

Spicy and warm, with cinnamon, clove, fruity undertones.

My scent notes

Strong, floral, fruity scent, red apple, peach, homemade jam, oranges, sangria, fruity, red wine, spring rain, clean house, warm botanical candle.

My flavor notes

So mild that it's hard to detect flavor; fresh grasses, garden lettuce, anise, fresh streams, rich soil, camphor edge, clean water, slightly bitter, slate tiles, concrete.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Purple Delight'

Origin

Modern purple basil cultivar without much available historical information.

Description

• Purple delight basil is a medium-height, upright variety with some shorter stems as well. It's beautiful.
• The leaves are deep purple, flat and smooth. I love the minor crenulations in the margins. They're fairly upright along the stem, and some of the lower leaves have a bronze color. There are also some mottled variations in this plant that are absolutely beautiful, with a dappled lime green and dark purple splash. Sadly, this seems to be considered an industry defect, but I find it absolutely beautiful.
• The flowers are a light purple.

Uses

Purple delight basil works well for both ornamental and a full range of culinary use.

Height

General height range

18 in (45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

26 in (66 cm)

General scent/flavor

A mild, clove-forward fragrance (eugenol) but a balanced flavor.

My scent notes

Vintage anise, flannel shirt, coziness, fire, damp soil, storm ozone, clean laundry, gazpacho, aluminum, peonies, fresh caramel, almonds.

My flavor notes

Old vinyl car seats, dusty antique shop, dry, old newspapers, singed rope, sunbaked mud, rich soil, compost.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum sanctum tenuiflorum 'Krishna'

Origin

One of the main sacred tulsi basils of Hindu tradition.

Description

• Purple tulsi is truly stunning to behold, and is very different from the krishna tulsi variety I grew last year. The height is on the medium to tall side, and is branching with a shrub habit. I absolutely love this plant. It's truly outstanding in its beauty.
• The leaves are slightly toothed, in shades that range from nearly fluorescent electric lime green to a delicate fuzzy greenish purple. The shape is smoothly crenulated; the wavy scallops come to somewhat of a point, and the leaves are positioned upward. They're satin-finished with purple veins.
• The inflorescences are narrow and graceful, arching and delicate, in a deep pinkish purple shade. They're growing in multiples at each growing tip. And they're somewhat sparse and yet even more graceful this way.
• The stems are a dark purple with white fuzzy down.

Uses

Purple tulsi is primarily used ceremonially, as well as for herbal tea and Ayurvedic use. Tulsi is grown in many households for spiritual, health, and aromatic value.

Height

General height range

1-2 ft (30-60 cm) in cultivation outside tropics

Maximum height in my garden

21 in (53 cm)

General scent/flavor

Purple tulsi is very aromatic, with notes of spicy clove, pepper, and fruit.

My scent notes

Salty smoke, old paper, vintage wood, grilled vegetables, tahini, toasted sesame, worn canvas, fine-grit sandpaper.

My flavor notes

Very little taste at all; it's hard to say, almost crunchy and chewy texture; spinach, roasted roasted potatoes, hay bale, dry, mealy texture, drying fall grasses, clean sun-baked pebbles.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Red Freddy'

Origin

Originated in Africa

Description

• Red Freddy Genovese stands tall, strong, and beautiful.
• The leaves have an ovate Genovese shape. They're fairly shiny and wrinkled, in a deep reddish purple toward the growing tip. The lower leaves are a bronze color like with the dark opal variety.
• The flowers are the same deep, dark fuchsia.

Uses

Good for pasta, salads, color contrast. Their appearance would be striking when added to any dish.

Height

General height range

14-18 in (35-45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

26 in (66 cm)

General scent/flavor

Red Freddy is very close to green Genovese basil in flavor: rich, sweet, and aromatic.

My scent notes

Aged rope, antique shop, old attic, vintage linens, stained wood, red wine, cinnamon, morning fog, spring puddles, oregano, summer savory.

My flavor notes

Dark red wine, no bitterness, pleasant, mild, clean laundry, lemon cleaner, burnt toast, licorice root, but not sweet, dry tannins, numbing, lake water, old parchment.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

The Thyme Garden

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Red Genovese'

Origin

A purplish red variant of classic Genovese basil

Description

• Red Genovese is a strong and tall variety, taller by several inches than the red Freddy Genovese type above.
• The leaf shape is like Genovese (broad, flat, and ovate) with reddish purple coloration. It has gently cupped leaves along the midrib, with a greenish-goldish margin on the edges of the leaves,. The leaves closer to the growing tip as well are a very deep burgundy. They're fairly shiny with iridescence. The lower leaves on some stems are bronze.
• The flowers are a deep burgundy.

Uses

Red Genovese can be used as a substitute for or along with green Genovese with beautiful color contrast. It works well in pasta, salads, sauces, and ornamental plantings.

Height

General height range

18 in (45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

32 in (81 cm)

General scent/flavor

Red Genovese is similar to standard Genovese: sweet, aromatic, with mild pepper and clove undertones.

My scent notes

Aged salt, balsamic vinegar, apricots, heirloom tomato, dried grasses, damp earth, young wood.

My flavor notes

Classic basil, burnt marshmallows, hint of cooked lemons, very dry, tannic, not bitter, not sharp.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Red Rubin'

Origin

Red rubin is an improved version of Dark Opal, with better leaf size, uniform purple color, and stronger flavor. It won the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit.

Description

• Red rubin is a tall purple basil that has more purple coloring than with some of the other types. It has thick, large, reddish-purple leaves, smooth surfaces, and upright habit.
• The leaves are deep satin and downy-looking iridescent purple, cupped inward, and pointing upward, with a bright light electric green margin along the slightly-crenulated margins. The interior of each leave is wavy and wrinkled along the veins. The lower leaves have a small concentration of bronzing.
• The pink to purple inflorescences are pointing in orthogonal directions, with white petals and deep fuchsia veining.
• The stems are strong and tall.

Uses

Red rubin is very popular purple with both good flavor and ornamental value. It works well in pasta, vinegar, salads, and as a garnish, among many more possibilities.

Height

General height range

18 in (45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

35 in (89 cm)

General scent/flavor

It has a classic sweet basil flavor with possibly a bit more of a spice and clove undertone.

My scent notes

Savory noodles, kimchi, young pickles, dill, mitsuba, parsley, soy sauce, adzuki beans, mirin, miso, toasted rice.

My flavor notes

Bitter, tannic, roasted lemons, vintage metal, damp clothes, dryer lint, old wood, mildly numbing, jet smoke, old books, old twine, reclaimed wood, sun-drying grasses, baked clay, light soils.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Johnny's Selected Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum

Origin

Traditional Persian green basil (reyhan means basil in Persian, and sabz means green).

Description

• Reyhan sabz is one of my taller basils, and is moderately branching. It's a really majestic looking plant.
• The medium-sized leaves have a satin finish, and a beautiful light to medium green color. There's a slightly lighter color in the veins.
• The flowering bracts are greenish-yellowish with white hairs.
• The stems are a strong, light green.

Uses

Reyhan sabz is used in a variety of dishes in Persian cuisine.

Height

General height range

12-18 in (30-45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

39 in (99 cm)

General scent/flavor

Classic basil fragrance with sweet, aromatic, slightly anise notes.

My scent notes

New electronics, storm ozone, wintergreen candy, cardamom, toasted almond, carob, tamarind.

My flavor notes

Lightly sweet, mild, not bitter, not raw, sweet lettuce, lemon water, enjoyable, young carrots, raw zucchini, spring peas, fresh almonds, hemp seeds, fresh coconut, nutmeg.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Truelove Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum tenuiflorum (purple holy basil); another name for krishna tulsi basil.

Origin

Tulsi holy basil, sacred in Ayurvedic and Hindu tradition

Description

• Sacred purple basil looks completely unique compared to the krishna basil I grew last year, and to the purple tulsi basil I'm growing this year (#33 on this list.) It's branching, of a medium height, and with somewhat hairy, purple-veined leaves, and purple flower spikes. Sacred purple basil is absolutely stunning and beautiful.
• The leaves are a bright lime green, small and very pointed, and scalloped, but in very small crenulations. They're somewhat cupped along the midrib; and they point upward along the stem. The leaves that are closer to the growing tip have more of a purple mottling to them, and the veins are purple as well. They're satin and iridescent.
• The flowers are a gorgeous, vibrant, light fuchsia color.
• The stems are an equally beautiful light fuchsia color.

Uses

Ceremonial, medicinal, herbal teas. Occasionally in cooking.

Height

General height range

1-2 ft (30-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

24 in (61 cm)

General scent/flavor

Clove and spice notes, peppery, and aromatic, with slight menthol or camphor undertones.

My scent notes

Fresh oranges, green leaves, citrus, cleanser, cold metal, sweet grapes, cold rain.

My flavor notes

Clean hospital gowns, new plastic, clove, ginger, rotting grasses, old wine, musk, bitter medicine, mildly sweet undertone.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Garden Hoard, No longer available here. Should be readily available elsewhere.

Botanical name:

Ocimum gratissimum

Origin

Nigeria name for O. gratissimum; one of the most common culinary basils in West Africa

Description

• Scent leaf basil looks very similar to African nunum basil, East Indian tree basil, West African, and viride basil. It's a very tall basil, and is shrubby and branching. It's a really beautiful plant.
• The leaves are ovate, with serrated margins, rather flat and thick in texture. They're stamped in textural relief along the veining. They have a very pointed apex that projects past the normal trajectory of the leaf. The leaves curl inward along the midrib and downward at the tips. The growing tips are gracefully, mildly arching.
• The inflorescences are curly, wavy, and sparse. They're also tall, narrow and graceful, and very beautiful with a light purple to greenish color. The tiny white petals are peeking out with bright yellow tips. There are several inflorescences at each growing tip. The stems and leaves are somewhat fuzzy.
• The stems are tall and strong and thick, and yet this is a very graceful plant, seeming strong and delicate at the same time. It has somewhat rough yet fuzzy feel.

Uses

In Nigeria, scent leaf basil is fundamental in soups, beans, and many local dishes. It's also used in herbal medicine and as an insect repellent.

Height

General height range

2-5 ft (0.6-1.5 m) in tropical conditions

Maximum height in my garden

45 in (114 cm)

General scent/flavor

Scent leaf basil has a very pungent, strong clove fragrance.

My scent notes

Old tin, circuit board, paper bags, drying hay, young mushrooms, fresh green beans, spring peas, antiseptic mouthwash, cinnamon, nutmeg, bicycle tire, roof tile, new office, fresh paper.

My flavor notes

Fresh blonde wood sawdust, well-worn tools, old steel, oil-based paint, latex bandages, mild, but dry, astringent, and medicinal; first aid kit, sterile gauze, 1980s garden hose water, old galvanized steel watering can, vintage manuscript, plaster cast, sterilized hospital floors.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Truelove Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Siracusa'

Origin

Likely from Sicily, the Siracusa region in Italy

Description

• Syracusa is a vigorous sweet Italian variety. Likely adapted to Mediterranean warm and dry climate. The plant is tall and strong.
• The leaves are glossy, bright, and medium green. They're cupped along the midrib, and are very glossy and puckered, but not as much so as in a lettuce leaf variety.
• The flowers are a yellowish green.
• The stems are the same bright medium green.

Uses

Siracusa basil is good for Sicilian/Italian cooking, in pasta, with tomatoes, salads, as a fresh garnish, and more.

Height

General height range

18-24 in (45-60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

28 in (71 cm)

General scent/flavor

 An intensely aromatic sweet basil with warm spice or anise undertones.

My scent notes

Savory, vegetal, very mild, classic basil, calamine lotion, galangal, old hotel lobby, vintage fabrics, smoked limes, seawater, aged balsamic vinegar.

My flavor notes

Sweet, enjoyable, sweetgrass, vanilla, celery, anise, lemon, lemon cleaner, biting finish, grassy, bitter at the end.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Adaptive Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Snowball'

Origin

Uncertain; name suggests either abundant white flowering or compact, rounded growth habit

Description

• Snowball is a very compact variety. It appears to be a dwarf or globe basil with profuse white blooms.
• There's a light satin finish on the leaves, which are a beautiful light to medium green. They taper to a narrow apex, and they resemble the rounded Greek varieties. And the leaves look similar.
• The flowers are a light greenish yellow. the flowering bracts are also small and adorable.
• The tops of the stems are almost of a uniform height, very short and compact.

Uses

Likely grown as an ornamental edible, with edible white flowers and manageable leaf harvest.

Height

General height range

8-12 in (20-30 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

12 in (30 cm)

General scent/flavor

Probably mild to moderate basil aroma, suited for both ornamental and culinary possibilities.

My scent notes

Mild and fresh, new carpet, herbaceous, lemon lime sparkling water, thyme, summer savory, red raspberries, sharp, kumquats, lemongrass.

My flavor notes

Mild hint of fennel, young greens, fresh streams, stringent, resinous, but mildly so; fresh chlorophyll, dry, smoked grasses, bay leaf, numbing, tannins, Szechuan peppercorn.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Toscano'

Origin

Toscano means Tuscan in Italian. Likely associated with Tuscany, central Italy, or derived from Italian varieties.

Description

• Toscano is a lettuce leaf variety with a vigorous habit. It has a shorter stature than some of my other large lettuce-leaved Italian basils.
• The leaves are a lime greenish-yellow, large, and wrinkled with a satin finish.

Uses

Toscano is a general-purpose Italian basil. It works well in pasta, sauces, and rustic cooking.

Height

General height range

24 in (60 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

16 in (41 cm)

General scent/flavor

My scent notes

Deeply green and fresh, bright spring day, sunny morning, very herbaceous, grassy, perfumed, spring cleaning, lemon lime, green pepper, salad greens.

My flavor notes

Fresh salad greens, young spinach, grass clippings, new straw, bitter, blond roast coffee, toasted fennel.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs

Botanical name:

Ocimum basilicum 'Valentino'

Origin

An artisan variety from Italy

Description

• Valentino is a beautiful variety that looks like a cross between a lettuce leaf variety and a more traditional Genevese type. It has an upright branching habit. The stature of this variety is in line with other lettuce leaf types, on the short to medium side.
• The leaves are medium-sized, glossy, and greenish-yellow. They have intense wrinkling, and are smaller than most lettuce leaf varieties. Some of the leaves curl downward and outward along the midrib. Some of them cup inward.
• The inflorescences are a mostly yellow, but also light green with white petals.
• The stems are somewhat fuzzy and white.

Uses

Valentino is well-suited for a wide variety of culinary uses in line with its origin in Italy.

Height

General height range

14-18 in (35-45 cm)

Maximum height in my garden

19 in (48 cm)

General scent/flavor

Classic sweet basil flavor with clove and floral notes.

My scent notes

Lemon verbena, fresh lemons, champagne, freshly-squeezed orange juice, fresh cherries, green grapes, sweet peas, honeysuckle, jasmine, new grass jicama.

My flavor notes

Mild strawberry, slightly dry, grassy, mild, slightly numbing, cooked greens, collards, brussels sprouts, swiss chard, mild sweet fennel, unsweetened iced tea, Belgian endive, new fabric.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Urban Farmer Seeds

Botanical name:

Ocimum gratissimum var. viride (sometimes treated as Ocimum viride). From Latin: viride means green

Origin

West Africa

Description

• The plant is medium to tall in height, shrubby and branching. It's strong and vigorous, and yet graceful, with a slight bending at the growing tip.
• The leaves are medium-sized, ovate, slightly thick, gently crenulated, and uniformly green. They're a muted lime green with a slight yellow undertone, and gently fold inward along the midrib. And they also point downward at the apex. The finish on the leaves is between matte and satin with a slight iridescence. The midrib is light purple on each leaf, and the remainder of the leaf veins are a muted white color. The pointed apex is elongated.
• The inflorescences are white.
• The stems are light purple, tall, and strong.

Uses

Used medicinally as an antiseptic, and for fever and digestive issues. Also used in for cooking dishes such as soups and stews, and an insect repellent. Since the flavor is bold and herbaceous, it's more commonly eaten cooked rather than raw.

Height

General height range

1-2 m (3-6 ft) in tropical growth

Maximum height in my garden

30 in (76 cm)

General scent/flavor

Intense thymol (thyme-like) aroma,more sharply medicinal than clove-based. There are also peppery, camphor notes.

My scent notes

Wood smoke, medicinal potion, toasted hemp seeds, sourdough bread, charred limes, storm ozone, green walnuts.

My flavor notes

Mild paint thinner, low quality cigar, winter tires, milder with chewing, flint, steel, and spark.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Companion Plants

Botanical name:

Ocimum gratissimum, African/clove basil

Origin

Widespread in West Africa; many local varieties

Description

• West African basil is similar to African nunum basil, East Indian tree basil, scent leaf basil, and viride basil. It's tall, shrubby, and branching.
• The leaves have a satin finish, and are very crenulated and arching downward near the growing tips. There's a soft iridescence. The veining is a light purple color.
• The stems are strong, but also somewhat gracefully arching near the tips. They're a light purple tinged with green.

Uses

West African basil is a staple in soups, stews, and sauces. It's also used medicinally with antimicrobial properties, and as an insect repellent.

Height

General height range

3-6 ft (0.9-1.8 m) in favorable climates

Maximum height in my garden

36 in (91 cm)

General scent/flavor

Strong eugenol (clove) aroma, sometimes with camphor, menthol, and thyme undertones.

My scent notes

Very mild turpentine, popcorn, wood glue, waxed canvas, old candles, lamp oil, wood stove, old cozy, armchair, favorite sweater, oatmeal raisin cookie, deep comfort.

My flavor notes

Bitter medicine, numbing, liquid bandage spray, rubbing alcohol, soft leaf texture, turbo diesel fuel.

Flavor disclaimer

Tasting the raw leaves can be misleading. The scent is a more accurate predictor of how the basil will taste when combined with food, either raw or cooked.

Seed source

Richters Herbs